When a crime is committed, the state has a limited time to press charges. These deadlines, known as statutes of limitations, vary depending on the crime, the victim’s age, and state laws.
Is There a Time Limit on Reporting Sexual Violence?
Survivors can report sexual violence to the police at any time—there is no deadline for coming forward. However, there may be a time limit on when charges can be filed and a case can be prosecuted. This varies by state and specific circumstances. You can check RAINN’s State Law Database for details on laws in your area.
How Are Statutes of Limitations Created?
Each state sets its own statutes of limitations, so laws vary widely. Prosecutors determine which law applies based on:
- Special circumstances. For instance, if DNA evidence exists, some states extend or eliminate the time limit.
- The type of crime. Felonies often have longer time limits than misdemeanors.
- When the crime occurred. Some states allow extra time if the victim was a child.
- Who was involved. Laws may be different if the perpetrator was in a position of power over the victim.
Why Do Statutes of Limitations Exist?
These laws were originally meant to prevent wrongful convictions based on fading memories. But as forensic science advances, evidence like DNA, digital communication, and recordings now provide stronger proof—even years later. Many states have adjusted their laws to reflect a better understanding of how trauma affects survivors and why they may delay reporting.
Know Your Rights
Find out about the laws in your state through RAINN’s State Law Database. Survivors may also be eligible for victim compensation or the option to file a civil lawsuit for damages.
RAINN, in partnership with Hogan Lovells, maintains a detailed database of state laws on sex crimes.